Inflation surprise (upside) Core inflation is steady, so the upside-surprise channel is quiet. It would fire on a core reading ≥0.2pp above the prior — watch it because that is what forces a central bank to stay restrictive and pressures the longest-duration assets first.
Inflation surprise (downside / disinflation) Core inflation isn't cooling fast enough to trigger the disinflation channel. A fall of ≥0.2pp would fire it — worth watching because it is the cleanest tailwind for long-duration growth and government bonds.
Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.

China

No active mechanism this week — the standing read above carries the bloc.

What would change the read

Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.
Monetary tightening (rate hike) The policy rate is steady, so the tightening channel is dormant. A hike would fire it — watch it because it hits long-duration growth, long bonds, and gold first.
Growth acceleration (expansionary PMI) Manufacturing isn't both expanding and accelerating, so the growth-acceleration channel is dormant. A rising PMI back above 50 would fire it — it matters because it's the signal to rotate from defensives toward cyclicals.

Euro area

No active mechanism this week — the standing read above carries the bloc.

What would change the read

Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.
Monetary tightening (rate hike) The policy rate is steady, so the tightening channel is dormant. A hike would fire it — watch it because it hits long-duration growth, long bonds, and gold first.
Growth acceleration (expansionary PMI) Manufacturing isn't both expanding and accelerating, so the growth-acceleration channel is dormant. A rising PMI back above 50 would fire it — it matters because it's the signal to rotate from defensives toward cyclicals.

Japan

No active mechanism this week — the standing read above carries the bloc.

What would change the read

Inflation surprise (upside) Core inflation is steady, so the upside-surprise channel is quiet. It would fire on a core reading ≥0.2pp above the prior — watch it because that is what forces a central bank to stay restrictive and pressures the longest-duration assets first.
Inflation surprise (downside / disinflation) Core inflation isn't cooling fast enough to trigger the disinflation channel. A fall of ≥0.2pp would fire it — worth watching because it is the cleanest tailwind for long-duration growth and government bonds.
Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.

The dataL3

United States

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	1.74	1.60	+0.14 ▲	2019-08-01
Core CPI	0.23	0.30	-0.07 ▬	2019-08-01
Core PCE	1.75	1.60	+0.15 ▲	2019-08-01
Policy rate	2.25	2.25	+0.00 ▬	2019-08-11
GDP	2.10	4.80	-2.70 ▼	2019-07-26
PMI (mfg)	51.20	51.70	-0.50 ▼	2019-08-01
PMI (svc)	53.70	55.10	-1.40 ▼	2019-08-05
Unemployment	3.70	3.60	+0.10 ▲	2019-08-02
10Y yield	1.74	1.72	+0.02 ▬	2019-08-09
2Y yield	1.63	1.62	+0.01 ▬	2019-08-09
2s10s slope	0.11	0.10	+0.01 ▬	2019-08-09
FX vs USD	97.49	97.62	-0.13 ▬	2019-08-09

China

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	2.80	2.70	+0.10 ▬	2019-08-09
Policy rate	4.31	4.31	+0.00 ▬	2019-08-09
GDP	6.20	6.40	-0.20 ▼	2019-07-15
PMI (mfg)	49.50	49.70	-0.20 ▬	2019-08-01
PMI (svc)	53.70	54.20	-0.50 ▼	2019-07-31
Unemployment	5.20	5.30	-0.10 ▬	2019-08-01
10Y yield	3.02	3.05	-0.02 ▬	2019-08-09
2Y yield	2.70	2.70	-0.00 ▬	2019-08-09
2s10s slope	0.32	0.34	-0.02 ▬	2019-08-09
FX vs USD	7.04	7.06	-0.01 ▬	2019-08-09

Euro area

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	1.10	1.30	-0.20 ▼	2019-07-31
Policy rate	0.00	0.00	+0.00 ▬	2019-07-25
GDP	0.20	0.10	+0.10 ▬	2019-07-17
PMI (mfg)	46.50	46.40	+0.10 ▬	2019-08-01
PMI (svc)	53.20	53.30	-0.10 ▬	2019-08-05
Unemployment	7.50	7.50	+0.00 ▬	2019-07-31
10Y yield	0.10	0.36	-0.26 ▼	2019-08-01 ⚠
FX vs USD	1.12	1.12	-0.00 ▬	2019-08-09

Japan

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	0.70	0.70	+0.00 ▬	2019-07-19
Core CPI	0.30	0.30	+0.00 ▬	2019-07-19
Policy rate	-0.10	-0.10	+0.00 ▬	2019-07-30
GDP	n/a
PMI (mfg)	n/a
Unemployment	2.30	2.40	-0.10 ▼	2019-07-30
10Y yield	-0.28	-0.16	-0.12 ▼	2019-08-01 ⚠
FX vs USD	105.87	106.12	-0.25 ▬	2019-08-09

Concept libraryL3

Terms marked ✓ are linked inline above — click any dotted term in the text to expand it in place.

2s10s: The gap between the 10-year and 2-year government bond yields. Positive = normal upward-sloping curve; negative ('inverted') = a classic late-cycle/recession warning.
PMI: Purchasing Managers' Index. Above 50 = the sector is expanding vs last month; below 50 = contracting. A timely read on activity.
carry trade: Borrowing in a low-rate currency (long the yen's case) to buy higher-yielding assets elsewhere. It unwinds violently when the funding rate rises or the funding currency strengthens.
credit impulse: The change in the flow of new credit into an economy. A rising impulse front-runs stronger demand for commodities and cyclical goods, with a lag.
cyclicals: Sectors whose earnings rise and fall with the economic cycle — industrials, materials, energy, consumer discretionary.
defensives: Sectors whose demand is steady through the cycle — consumer staples, utilities, healthcare. They outperform when growth slows.
discount rate: The rate used to convert a future cash flow into today's value. A higher discount rate makes far-off cash flows worth less now.
disinflation: Inflation that is still positive but falling (prices rising more slowly) — distinct from deflation, where prices actually fall.
duration: How sensitive an asset's price is to interest rates. 'Long-duration' assets (long bonds, fast-growing stocks whose profits are years away) move most when rates change.
net interest margin: The spread a bank earns between what it charges on loans and pays on deposits. Higher short rates / steeper curves tend to widen it.
nominal yield: The headline interest rate on a bond, before subtracting inflation.
policy rate: The interest rate a central bank sets directly (e.g. the Fed funds rate, the ECB deposit rate, China's LPR). It anchors all other rates.
rate path: The market's expectation of where the policy rate goes over the next year or two — not just today's level, but the whole expected trajectory.
real yield: The yield after subtracting expected inflation — what a lender actually earns in purchasing power. Real yield ≈ nominal yield − expected inflation.
term premium: The extra yield investors demand to hold a long bond instead of rolling short ones — compensation for tying money up and for issuance/inflation risk.