Manufacturing PMIPMI — Purchasing Managers' Index. Above 50 = the sector is expanding vs last month; below 50 = contracting. A timely read on activity. is above 50 and rising.
Why: A reading above 50 means more firms report expanding activity than contracting; rising means the breadth of expansion is widening — a timely, forward-looking growth signal.
Earnings expectations broaden toward economically-sensitive sectors.
Why: Stronger activity feeds revenue and pricing power first in the parts of the market geared to the physical economy.
Cyclicalscyclicals — Sectors whose earnings rise and fall with the economic cycle — industrials, materials, energy, consumer discretionary., small-caps, EM and commodities lead; defensivesdefensives — Sectors whose demand is steady through the cycle — consumer staples, utilities, healthcare. They outperform when growth slows. lag.
Why: Capital rotates toward the cycle — industrials, materials, energy, smaller and more leveraged firms, and the commodities their activity consumes — while steady-demand defensives become relatively less attractive.

Helps
cyclicals (industrials, materials, energy)small-capsEM equitycommodities

Hurts
defensive sectors (staples, utilities)long government bonds

Caveat: If acceleration also stokes inflation fears, the bond-yield response can offset the equity benefit (good growth becomes 'too good'), especially late-cycle.

House-view hook — empty (textbook default; Stephen's view bakes in here).

What would change the read

Inflation surprise (upside) Core inflation is steady, so the upside-surprise channel is quiet. It would fire on a core reading ≥0.2pp above the prior — watch it because that is what forces a central bank to stay restrictive and pressures the longest-duration assets first.
Inflation surprise (downside / disinflation) Core inflation isn't cooling fast enough to trigger the disinflation channel. A fall of ≥0.2pp would fire it — worth watching because it is the cleanest tailwind for long-duration growth and government bonds.
Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.

China

M6Growth slowdown (deepening contraction)

Trigger: pmi_mfg: 50 → 49.4 (-0.6)

Manufacturing PMI is below 50 and still falling.
Why: Below 50 means more firms are contracting than expanding; *falling* means the contraction is deepening, not bottoming — that combination is what leads earnings revisions down.
Investors rotate toward defensives and government bonds.
Why: When growth is deteriorating, steady-demand sectors (staples, utilities, healthcare) hold earnings better, and government bonds act as a hedge that rallies if the slowdown deepens further.
Cyclicals, small-caps, EM and industrial commodities underperform.
Why: These are geared to the physical cycle and to leverage, so worsening activity hits their earnings and risk appetite hardest; commodity demand softens with industrial output.

Helps
defensive sectors (staples, utilities, healthcare)long government bondsquality/large-cap

Hurts
cyclicalssmall-capsEM equityindustrial commodities

Caveat: A shallow dip just below 50 that quickly reverses ('soft patch') doesn't trigger the full defensive rotation; the level must persist.

House-view hook — empty (textbook default; Stephen's view bakes in here).

What would change the read

Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.
Monetary tightening (rate hike) The policy rate is steady, so the tightening channel is dormant. A hike would fire it — watch it because it hits long-duration growth, long bonds, and gold first.
Growth acceleration (expansionary PMI) Manufacturing isn't both expanding and accelerating, so the growth-acceleration channel is dormant. A rising PMI back above 50 would fire it — it matters because it's the signal to rotate from defensives toward cyclicals.

Euro area

No active mechanism this week — the standing read above carries the bloc.

What would change the read

Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.
Monetary tightening (rate hike) The policy rate is steady, so the tightening channel is dormant. A hike would fire it — watch it because it hits long-duration growth, long bonds, and gold first.
Growth acceleration (expansionary PMI) Manufacturing isn't both expanding and accelerating, so the growth-acceleration channel is dormant. A rising PMI back above 50 would fire it — it matters because it's the signal to rotate from defensives toward cyclicals.

Japan

No active mechanism this week — the standing read above carries the bloc.

What would change the read

Inflation surprise (upside) Core inflation is steady, so the upside-surprise channel is quiet. It would fire on a core reading ≥0.2pp above the prior — watch it because that is what forces a central bank to stay restrictive and pressures the longest-duration assets first.
Inflation surprise (downside / disinflation) Core inflation isn't cooling fast enough to trigger the disinflation channel. A fall of ≥0.2pp would fire it — worth watching because it is the cleanest tailwind for long-duration growth and government bonds.
Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.

The dataL3

United States

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	2.20	2.00	+0.20 ▲	2018-12-12
Core CPI	0.20	0.24	-0.04 ▬	2018-12-12
Core PCE	1.90	2.04	-0.14 ▼	2018-12-21
Policy rate	2.50	2.50	+0.00 ▬	2018-12-30
GDP	3.40	3.50	-0.10 ▬	2018-12-21
PMI (mfg)	58.80	57.50	+1.30 ▲	2018-12-03
PMI (svc)	60.70	60.30	+0.40 ▲	2018-12-06
Unemployment	3.70	3.90	-0.20 ▼	2018-12-07
10Y yield	2.72	2.77	-0.05 ▬	2018-12-28
2Y yield	2.52	2.56	-0.04 ▬	2018-12-28
2s10s slope	0.20	0.21	-0.01 ▬	2018-12-28
FX vs USD	96.39	96.48	-0.09 ▬	2018-12-28

China

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	2.20	2.50	-0.30 ▼	2018-12-09
Policy rate	4.31	4.31	+0.00 ▬	2018-12-29
GDP	6.50	6.70	-0.20 ▼	2018-10-19
PMI (mfg)	49.40	50.00	-0.60 ▼	2018-12-01
PMI (svc)	53.40	53.90	-0.50 ▼	2018-11-30
Unemployment	4.90	4.80	+0.10 ▲	2018-12-01
10Y yield	3.23	3.23	+0.00 ▬	2018-12-30
2Y yield	2.71	2.71	+0.00 ▬	2018-12-30
2s10s slope	0.52	0.52	-0.00 ▬	2018-12-30
FX vs USD	6.87	6.90	-0.03 ▬	2018-12-28

Euro area

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	1.90	2.00	-0.10 ▼	2018-12-17
Policy rate	0.00	0.00	+0.00 ▬	2018-12-13
GDP	-0.20	0.20	-0.40 ▼	2018-12-17
PMI (mfg)	51.40	51.80	-0.40 ▼	2018-12-14
PMI (svc)	51.40	53.40	-2.00 ▼	2018-12-14
Unemployment	8.10	8.10	+0.00 ▬	2018-11-30
10Y yield	1.21	1.41	-0.19 ▼	2018-12-01 ⚠⚠
FX vs USD	1.14	1.14	+0.01 ▬	2018-12-28

Japan

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	0.80	1.40	-0.60 ▼	2018-12-21
Core CPI	0.10	0.20	-0.10 ▬	2018-12-21
Policy rate	-0.10	-0.10	+0.00 ▬	2018-12-20
GDP	n/a
PMI (mfg)	n/a
Unemployment	2.50	2.40	+0.10 ▲	2018-12-28
10Y yield	-0.01	0.09	-0.10 ▼	2018-12-01 ⚠⚠
FX vs USD	110.86	111.21	-0.35 ▬	2018-12-28

Concept libraryL3

Terms marked ✓ are linked inline above — click any dotted term in the text to expand it in place.

2s10s: The gap between the 10-year and 2-year government bond yields. Positive = normal upward-sloping curve; negative ('inverted') = a classic late-cycle/recession warning.
PMI ✓: Purchasing Managers' Index. Above 50 = the sector is expanding vs last month; below 50 = contracting. A timely read on activity.
carry trade: Borrowing in a low-rate currency (long the yen's case) to buy higher-yielding assets elsewhere. It unwinds violently when the funding rate rises or the funding currency strengthens.
credit impulse: The change in the flow of new credit into an economy. A rising impulse front-runs stronger demand for commodities and cyclical goods, with a lag.
cyclicals ✓: Sectors whose earnings rise and fall with the economic cycle — industrials, materials, energy, consumer discretionary.
defensives ✓: Sectors whose demand is steady through the cycle — consumer staples, utilities, healthcare. They outperform when growth slows.
discount rate: The rate used to convert a future cash flow into today's value. A higher discount rate makes far-off cash flows worth less now.
disinflation: Inflation that is still positive but falling (prices rising more slowly) — distinct from deflation, where prices actually fall.
duration: How sensitive an asset's price is to interest rates. 'Long-duration' assets (long bonds, fast-growing stocks whose profits are years away) move most when rates change.
net interest margin: The spread a bank earns between what it charges on loans and pays on deposits. Higher short rates / steeper curves tend to widen it.
nominal yield: The headline interest rate on a bond, before subtracting inflation.
policy rate: The interest rate a central bank sets directly (e.g. the Fed funds rate, the ECB deposit rate, China's LPR). It anchors all other rates.
rate path: The market's expectation of where the policy rate goes over the next year or two — not just today's level, but the whole expected trajectory.
real yield: The yield after subtracting expected inflation — what a lender actually earns in purchasing power. Real yield ≈ nominal yield − expected inflation.
term premium: The extra yield investors demand to hold a long bond instead of rolling short ones — compensation for tying money up and for issuance/inflation risk.