Macro Intelligence · Weekly · deep read

Macro Regime — 2016-W30

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US · China · EU · Japan · mechanism-first, taught

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↩ Home Macro index ← 2016-07 board

⚠ 2 very-stale + 0 stale series across the four blocs — flagged inline.

Standing macro backdropBORROWED

Borrowed from its month (2016-07); the weekly reads the standing object, it does not recompute the aggregate.

United States: goldilocks / reflation
China: stall-speed, at target
Euro area: deflation watch
Japan: deflation watch

month aggregated actuals

United States

Indicator	Basis	2016-07	2016-06	Change
Core CPI	% MoM	0.12 2016-07-01	0.16 2016-06-01	→ -0.04
Core PCE	% YoY	1.6 2016-07-01	1.55 2016-06-01	→ 0.05
CPI (YoY)	% YoY	0.87 2016-07-01	1.08 2016-06-01	▼ -0.21
FX vs USD	px	not recorded
GDP	% QoQ ann.	2.9 2016-07-01	—	—
PMI (mfg)	index	53.2 2016-07-01	51.3 2016-06-01	▲ 1.9
PMI (svc)	index	56.5 2016-07-06	52.9 2016-06-03	▲ 3.6
Policy rate	%	0.5 2016-07-31	0.5 2016-06-30	→ 0
2s10s slope	pp	0.79 2016-07-29	0.91 2016-06-30	▼ -0.12
Unemployment	%	4.8 2016-07-01	4.9 2016-06-01	→ -0.1
10Y yield	%	1.46 2016-07-29	1.49 2016-06-30	→ -0.03
2Y yield	%	0.67 2016-07-29	0.58 2016-06-30	▲ 0.09

China

Indicator	Basis	2016-07	2016-06	Change
CPI (YoY)	% YoY	1.9 2016-07-10	2 2016-06-09	→ -0.1
FX vs USD	px	not recorded
GDP	% YoY	6.7 2016-07-15	—	—
PMI (mfg)	index	49.9 2016-07-01	50 2016-06-01	→ -0.1
PMI (svc)	index	53.7 2016-07-01	53.1 2016-06-01	▲ 0.6
Policy rate	% (1Y LPR)	4.3 2016-07-29	4.3 2016-06-30	→ 0
2s10s slope	pp	0.41 2016-07-29	0.35 2016-06-30	▲ 0.06
Unemployment	%	not recorded
10Y yield	%	2.78 2016-07-29	2.84 2016-06-30	▼ -0.06
2Y yield	%	2.36 2016-07-29	2.49 2016-06-30	▼ -0.12

Euro area

Indicator	Basis	2016-07	2016-06	Change
CPI (YoY)	% YoY	0.2 2016-07-29	0.1 2016-06-30	→ 0.1
FX vs USD	px	not recorded
GDP	% YoY	0.2 2016-07-15	0.4 2016-06-16	→ -0.2
PMI (mfg)	index	51.9 2016-07-22	52.6 2016-06-23	▼ -0.7
PMI (svc)	index	52.7 2016-07-22	52.4 2016-06-23	→ 0.3
Policy rate	%	0 2016-07-21	0 2016-06-02	→ 0
Unemployment	%	10.1 2016-07-29	—	—
10Y yield	%	0.62 2016-07-01	0.88 2016-06-01	▼ -0.26

Japan

Indicator	Basis	2016-07	2016-06	Change
Core CPI	% YoY	0.5 2016-07-29	—	—
CPI (YoY)	% YoY	-0.4 2016-07-29	—	—
FX vs USD	px	not recorded
GDP	% YoY	2.62 2016-07-01	—	—
PMI (mfg)		not recorded
Policy rate	%	-0.1 2016-07-29	-0.1 2016-06-16	→ 0
Unemployment	%	3.1 2016-07-29	—	—
10Y yield	%	-0.2 2016-07-01	-0.23 2016-06-01	→ 0.04

ThesisL0

(historical week — no Claude narration run)

Standing pictureL1

United States

goldilocks / reflation

expansion · below target · on hold

Improving growth with inflation at/below target — the benign mix. Cyclicals, small-caps and risk assets broadly tend to lead; long bonds lag as growth firms.

● 1 active

China

stall-speed, at target

stall · at target · on hold

Growth hovering near flat with inflation roughly at target. A balanced, low-conviction regime — direction depends on which way growth breaks next; watch PMI for the tell.

○ no change

Euro area ⚠ stale

deflation watch

stall · deflation risk · on hold

Activity is soft and inflation is at/below zero — the risk is entrenched deflation. Favors duration (long bonds) and quality; cyclicals struggle until policy eases decisively. The catalyst to watch is stimulus / a policy cut.

○ no change

Japan ⚠ stale

deflation watch

unknown · deflation risk · on hold

○ no change

Mechanisms & channelsL2

United States

M5Growth acceleration (expansionary PMI)

Trigger: pmi_mfg: 51.3 → 53.2 (+1.9)

Manufacturing PMIPMI — Purchasing Managers' Index. Above 50 = the sector is expanding vs last month; below 50 = contracting. A timely read on activity. is above 50 and rising.
Why: A reading above 50 means more firms report expanding activity than contracting; rising means the breadth of expansion is widening — a timely, forward-looking growth signal.
Earnings expectations broaden toward economically-sensitive sectors.
Why: Stronger activity feeds revenue and pricing power first in the parts of the market geared to the physical economy.
Cyclicalscyclicals — Sectors whose earnings rise and fall with the economic cycle — industrials, materials, energy, consumer discretionary., small-caps, EM and commodities lead; defensivesdefensives — Sectors whose demand is steady through the cycle — consumer staples, utilities, healthcare. They outperform when growth slows. lag.
Why: Capital rotates toward the cycle — industrials, materials, energy, smaller and more leveraged firms, and the commodities their activity consumes — while steady-demand defensives become relatively less attractive.

Helps
cyclicals (industrials, materials, energy)small-capsEM equitycommodities

Hurts
defensive sectors (staples, utilities)long government bonds

Caveat: If acceleration also stokes inflation fears, the bond-yield response can offset the equity benefit (good growth becomes 'too good'), especially late-cycle.

House-view hook — empty (textbook default; Stephen's view bakes in here).

What would change the read

Inflation surprise (upside) Core inflation is steady, so the upside-surprise channel is quiet. It would fire on a core reading ≥0.2pp above the prior — watch it because that is what forces a central bank to stay restrictive and pressures the longest-duration assets first.
Inflation surprise (downside / disinflation) Core inflation isn't cooling fast enough to trigger the disinflation channel. A fall of ≥0.2pp would fire it — worth watching because it is the cleanest tailwind for long-duration growth and government bonds.
Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.

China

No active mechanism this week — the standing read above carries the bloc.

What would change the read

Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.
Monetary tightening (rate hike) The policy rate is steady, so the tightening channel is dormant. A hike would fire it — watch it because it hits long-duration growth, long bonds, and gold first.
Growth acceleration (expansionary PMI) Manufacturing isn't both expanding and accelerating, so the growth-acceleration channel is dormant. A rising PMI back above 50 would fire it — it matters because it's the signal to rotate from defensives toward cyclicals.

Euro area

No active mechanism this week — the standing read above carries the bloc.

What would change the read

Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.
Monetary tightening (rate hike) The policy rate is steady, so the tightening channel is dormant. A hike would fire it — watch it because it hits long-duration growth, long bonds, and gold first.
Growth acceleration (expansionary PMI) Manufacturing isn't both expanding and accelerating, so the growth-acceleration channel is dormant. A rising PMI back above 50 would fire it — it matters because it's the signal to rotate from defensives toward cyclicals.

Japan

No active mechanism this week — the standing read above carries the bloc.

What would change the read

Inflation surprise (upside) Core inflation is steady, so the upside-surprise channel is quiet. It would fire on a core reading ≥0.2pp above the prior — watch it because that is what forces a central bank to stay restrictive and pressures the longest-duration assets first.
Inflation surprise (downside / disinflation) Core inflation isn't cooling fast enough to trigger the disinflation channel. A fall of ≥0.2pp would fire it — worth watching because it is the cleanest tailwind for long-duration growth and government bonds.
Monetary easing (rate cut) The policy rate is on hold, so the easing channel is dormant. A cut would fire it — it matters because the first cut of a cycle typically broadens a rally and pressures the currency.

The dataL3

United States

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	1.00	0.87	+0.13 ▲	2016-07-15
Core CPI	0.20	0.12	+0.08 ▬	2016-07-15
Core PCE	1.60	1.60	+0.00 ▬	2016-07-01
Policy rate	0.50	0.50	+0.00 ▬	2016-07-31
GDP	1.20	2.90	-1.70 ▼	2016-07-29
PMI (mfg)	53.20	51.30	+1.90 ▲	2016-07-01
PMI (svc)	56.50	52.90	+3.60 ▲	2016-07-06
Unemployment	4.90	4.80	+0.10 ▲	2016-07-08
10Y yield	1.46	1.52	-0.06 ▼	2016-07-29
2Y yield	0.67	0.72	-0.05 ▬	2016-07-29
2s10s slope	0.79	0.80	-0.01 ▬	2016-07-29
FX vs USD	n/a

China

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	1.90	2.00	-0.10 ▼	2016-07-10
Policy rate	4.30	4.30	+0.00 ▬	2016-07-29
GDP	6.70	6.70	+0.00 ▬	2016-07-15
PMI (mfg)	49.90	50.00	-0.10 ▬	2016-07-01
PMI (svc)	53.70	53.10	+0.60 ▲	2016-07-01
Unemployment	n/a
10Y yield	2.78	2.79	-0.01 ▬	2016-07-29
2Y yield	2.36	2.36	+0.00 ▬	2016-07-29
2s10s slope	0.41	0.43	-0.01 ▬	2016-07-29
FX vs USD	n/a

Euro area

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	0.20	0.10	+0.10 ▬	2016-07-29
Policy rate	0.00	0.00	+0.00 ▬	2016-07-21
GDP	0.20	0.40	-0.20 ▬	2016-07-15
PMI (mfg)	51.90	52.80	-0.90 ▼	2016-07-22
PMI (svc)	52.70	52.80	-0.10 ▬	2016-07-22
Unemployment	10.10	10.10	+0.00 ▬	2016-07-29
10Y yield	0.62	0.88	-0.26 ▼	2016-07-01 ⚠⚠
FX vs USD	n/a

Japan

Indicator	Current	Prior	Δ	As of
CPI (YoY)	-0.40	-0.50	+0.10 ▬	2016-07-29
Core CPI	0.50	0.50	+0.00 ▬	2016-07-29
Policy rate	-0.10	-0.10	+0.00 ▬	2016-07-29
GDP	n/a
PMI (mfg)	n/a
Unemployment	3.10	3.20	-0.10 ▼	2016-07-29
10Y yield	-0.20	-0.23	+0.04 ▬	2016-07-01 ⚠⚠
FX vs USD	n/a

Concept libraryL3

Terms marked ✓ are linked inline above — click any dotted term in the text to expand it in place.

2s10s: The gap between the 10-year and 2-year government bond yields. Positive = normal upward-sloping curve; negative ('inverted') = a classic late-cycle/recession warning.
PMI ✓: Purchasing Managers' Index. Above 50 = the sector is expanding vs last month; below 50 = contracting. A timely read on activity.
carry trade: Borrowing in a low-rate currency (long the yen's case) to buy higher-yielding assets elsewhere. It unwinds violently when the funding rate rises or the funding currency strengthens.
credit impulse: The change in the flow of new credit into an economy. A rising impulse front-runs stronger demand for commodities and cyclical goods, with a lag.
cyclicals ✓: Sectors whose earnings rise and fall with the economic cycle — industrials, materials, energy, consumer discretionary.
defensives ✓: Sectors whose demand is steady through the cycle — consumer staples, utilities, healthcare. They outperform when growth slows.
discount rate: The rate used to convert a future cash flow into today's value. A higher discount rate makes far-off cash flows worth less now.
disinflation: Inflation that is still positive but falling (prices rising more slowly) — distinct from deflation, where prices actually fall.
duration: How sensitive an asset's price is to interest rates. 'Long-duration' assets (long bonds, fast-growing stocks whose profits are years away) move most when rates change.
net interest margin: The spread a bank earns between what it charges on loans and pays on deposits. Higher short rates / steeper curves tend to widen it.
nominal yield: The headline interest rate on a bond, before subtracting inflation.
policy rate: The interest rate a central bank sets directly (e.g. the Fed funds rate, the ECB deposit rate, China's LPR). It anchors all other rates.
rate path: The market's expectation of where the policy rate goes over the next year or two — not just today's level, but the whole expected trajectory.
real yield: The yield after subtracting expected inflation — what a lender actually earns in purchasing power. Real yield ≈ nominal yield − expected inflation.
term premium: The extra yield investors demand to hold a long bond instead of rolling short ones — compensation for tying money up and for issuance/inflation risk.